Personalised Ankle-Foot Orthoses design based on Reverse Engineering

Abstract:

Drop Foot (DF) and Foot Drop is an interchangeable term that describes an abnormal neuromuscular disorder that affects the patient's ability to raise their foot at the ankle. Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs) are devices intended to assist or to restore the motions of the ankle-foot complex. In this paper, personalised AFO development which is based on 3D models of the patient’s ankle-foot complex is introduced. Methods of reconstructing 3D models of the ankle-foot based on Reverse Engineering were fully investigated from which the new personalised AFOs were proposed. These AFOs were designed to assist the ankle flexion-extension for DF patients.

Keywords: Reverse engineering, CAD/CAM, Orthoses, Rapid Prototyping

By: S.M. Milusheva(1), E.Y. Tosheva(1), L.C. Hieu(2), L.V. Kouzmanov(1), N. Zlatov(2), Y.E. Toshev(1)

(1): Institute of Mechanics and Biomechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
(2): Manufacturing Engineering Centre, Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Submitted by Le on Wed, 28/06/2006 - 9:08pm.
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A couple of questions

Submitted by Baciu on Thu, 06/07/2006 - 2:26pm.

Hello Authors,
As co-chair of this session i thank you for the contribution to IPROMS 2006.

Anyway i have a couple of questions:
Is it possible to obtain some detailed characteristics about the HYMAC LASER system?
Also can you detail how is possible to obtain, with a certain accuracy, the reconstruction of internal shapes/structures of different features (this case of the bones)?
Have you tried to use other Scanning and RE softwares and compare the results betwen them?

Thank you,

Liviu
__________________________
Eng.Ioan Liviu Baciu
Phd.Student
University Of Naples Federico II
Faculty Of Engineering
Department of Materials and Production Engineering
Address: Ple. Tecchio No 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
E-mail: baciu@unina.it

HYMARC and Reverse Engineering topics

Submitted by Le on Thu, 06/07/2006 - 10:01pm.

Dear Liviu and all,

Here are our answers to your questions:

Question No.1 : The HYMARC laser scanning contains the following parameters:

+ Techniques: Triangulation methods with laser
+ Accuracy: +/- 25 Microns at 6 sigma
+ Scan with and depth of field: 60 x 60 mm
+ Stand – off: 100 -150 mm
+ Laser source: Class2

Question No.2: Related to the reconstruction of internal anatomical structures:

In this case, we must use the CT or MRI scanning at hospitals as the scanner. A series of slice images of the patient are collected. Based on this CT/MRI scanning images, 3D models of the anatomical structures for both hard and soft tissue are reconstructed. Depending on the applications and clinical requirements from Surgeon, the accuracy of the models is controlled to meet them. The accuracy of the 3D modeling of anatomical structures based on CT/MRI images is dependent on the segmentation process, which is used to separate the anatomical structures.

We have experienced most of the RE and Medical Imaging software for both industrial and medical applications. There are many factors to compare. If you are really interested in this topic, please see our coming book:

DT Pham and LC Hieu, Reverse Engineering Applications and Methods. Book Entitled: Reverse Engineering: An Industrial Perspective. Springer-Verlag London Ltd - Publishers, 2006

There are also many software for different End-Use applications. Here are examples: Mitutoyo Cosmos, Hymarc, Metris Scan, Cyberware CyDir & GSI Crystal Studio, Magics RP, DeskArtes, Catia Shape Sculptor & Viscam RP, GSI Studio, CopyCAD, Rapidform, Geomagics, Polyworks (Modeler) & Paraform, Mimics, Rapidform, BioBuild, Velocity2, Amira, Scan IP, Analyze & 3D Doctors, COMETinspect, Metris Focus Inspection, Power INSPECT, PolyWorks Inspector & Geomagic Qualify etc…

We have about 34 pages in this book dealing with your mentioned concerns.

Le Chi Hieu
Project Manager, the MEC, Cardiff University

Great work

Submitted by Baciu on Fri, 07/07/2006 - 6:22pm.

Thank you Lee for your answers,

i am interesting in RE techniques, done by means of contact or non-contact probes.

I think that your work is verry interesting and that a nice presentation can came out of it. It will be nice to have one on 2nd IPROMS conference website as well, like this even the unregistered users can see and learn about your interesting work.

Regards

Liviu

posible cooperation

Submitted by Baciu on Tue, 11/07/2006 - 7:15am.

Hello Le,

reading again your answer, came to my mind an interesting ideea.
Here in Naples we have a RE system based on a DEA CMM machine, and on this we have mounted a trigger touch probe and a Metris LC15 LASER probe head with an accuracy of +/- 8 microns at 1 sigma with a scan depht and width of 15 x 15 mm.

Also we have the Focus Inspection 8.01 and Focus RE 4.0 software packages that came with the Laser system.

In the case that you are interested, we can try and use our system with your applications, certainly for INDIRECT laser scan or just for post processing of the pointclous allready in your possesion.

What do you think about this?

Regards

Liviu

Reverse Engineering for medical applications!

Submitted by Le on Wed, 12/07/2006 - 1:13pm.

Dear Liviu,

Many thanks for your information. Currently, at the MEC, we are using both contact and non-contact techniques for Reverse Engineering. The applications of RE at the MEC are in both Industrial and Medical area as well.

It is a good idea to collaborate with your university in this area. At the moment, our researches in RE are concentrating on the medical applications. You may CLICK HERE to view a few figures of the Medical Reverse Engineering application at the MEC. The video presentation of this topic was loaded into this site; it contains photos of the RE applications at the MEC.

Best wishes,

Le, Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Personalised Ankle-Foot Orthoses design based on Reverse Engineering

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