FEM approaches (one-step vs. incremental)

The FEM numerical computation typology for drawing processes depends on the desired analysis and belongs to one of the following approaches:

• One-Step Simulation

• Provides the preliminary feasibility analysis using simplifying assumptions such as accepting a linear behaviour of deformation, ignoring contact and friction problems, etc.

• Starts from the final deformed metal sheet configuration till the initial plane blank, in very short time, with only one step

• Incremental Simulation

• All the process components must be taken into account (kinematic characteristics, the blankholder, etc)

• Used to simulate the complete drawing process, providing accurate results

• Requires high hardware resources and calculation time