AE Stress Waves Sources

The main sources of AE stress waves during cutting are associated with:

• primary (1) and secondary (2) shear zones, particularly in the case of fresh tools;
• the tertiary shear zone or the frictional contact at the interface between tool flank and workpiece, in case of flank wear (3);
• the frictional contact between the tool rake face and the chip, in case of crater wear (2);
• the crack growth at the contact zone between tool tip and workpiece (4);
• The plastic deformation of the chip (5);
• The collision between chip and tool (6);
• The chip breakage and catastrophic tool fracture